Whether passion excuses from sin altogether?

❌ Objection 1 : It would seem that passion excuses from sin altogether. For whatever causes an act to be involuntary, excuses from sin altogether. But concupiscence of the flesh, which is a passion, makes an act to be involuntary, according to Gal. 5:17: "The flesh lusteth against the spirit . . . so that you do not the things that you would." Therefore passion excuses from sin altogether.

❌ Objection 2 : Further, passion causes a certain ignorance of a particular matter, as stated above (Article [2]; Question [76], Article [3]). But ignorance of a particular matter excuses from sin altogether, as stated above (Question [6], Article [8]). Therefore passion excuses from sin altogether.

❌ Objection 3 : Further, disease of the soul is graver than disease of the body. But bodily disease excuses from sin altogether, as in the case of mad people. Much more, therefore, does passion, which is a disease of the soul.