Whether sorrow is caused by the loss of good or by the presence of evil?

❌ Objection 1 : It would seem that sorrow is caused by the loss of a good rather than by the presence of an evil. For Augustine says (De viii Questions. Dulcit. qu. 1) that sorrow is caused by the loss of temporal goods. Therefore, in like manner, every sorrow is caused by the loss of some good.

❌ Objection 2 : Further, it was said above (Question [35], Article [4]) that the sorrow which is contrary to a pleasure, has the same object as that pleasure. But the object of pleasure is good, as stated above (Question [23], Article [4]; Question [31], Article [1]; Question [35], Article [3]). Therefore sorrow is caused chiefly by the loss of good.

❌ Objection 3 : Further, according to Augustine (De Civ. Dei xiv, 7,9), love is the cause of sorrow, as of the other emotions of the soul. But the object of love is good. Therefore pain or sorrow is felt for the loss of good rather than for an evil that is present.