Whether the goodness of the will depends on the object alone?

❌ Objection 1 : It would seem that the goodness of the will does not depend on the object alone. For the end has a closer relationship to the will than to any other power. But the acts of the other powers derive goodness not only from the object but also from the end, as we have shown above (Question [18], Article [4]). Therefore the act also of the will derives goodness not only from the object but also from the end.

❌ Objection 2 : Further, the goodness of an action is derived not only from the object but also from the circumstances, as stated above (Question [18], Article [3]). But according to the diversity of circumstances there may be diversity of goodness and malice in the act of the will: for instance, if a man will, when he ought, where he ought, as much as he ought, and how he ought, or if he will as he ought not. Therefore the goodness of the will depends not only on the object, but also on the circumstances.

❌ Objection 3 : Further, ignorance of circumstances excuses malice of the will, as stated above (Question [6], Article [8]). But it would not be so, unless the goodness or malice of the will depended on the circumstances. Therefore the goodness and malice of the will depend on the circumstances, and not only on the object.