- Whether the species derived from the end is contained under the species derived from the object, as under its genus, or conversely?
Whether the species derived from the end is contained under the species derived from the object, as under its genus, or conversely?
Objections
❌ Objection 1 : It would seem that the species of goodness derived from the end is contained under the species of goodness derived from the object, as a species is contained under its genus; for instance, when a man commits a theft in order to give alms. For an action takes its species from its object, as stated above (Articles [2],6). But it is impossible for a thing to be contained under another species, if this species be not contained under the proper species of that thing; because the same thing cannot be contained in different species that are not subordinate to one another. Therefore the species which is taken from the end, is contained under the species which is taken from the object.
❌ Objection 2 : Further, the last difference always constitutes the most specific species. But the difference derived from the end seems to come after the difference derived from the object: because the end is something last. Therefore the species derived from the end, is contained under the species derived from the object, as its most specific species.
❌ Objection 3 : Further, the more formal a difference is compared to genus, as form to matter. But the species derived from the end, is more formal than that which is derived from the object, as stated above (Article [6]). Therefore the species derived from the end is contained under the species derived from the object, as the most specific species is contained under the subaltern genus.