Whether God is the final cause of all things?

❌ Objection 1 : It would seem that God is not the final cause of all things. For to act for an end seems to imply need of the end. But God needs nothing. Therefore it does not become Him to act for an end.

❌ Objection 2 : Further, the end of generation, and the form of the thing generated, and the agent cannot be identical (Phys. ii, text 70), because the end of generation is the form of the thing generated. But God is the first agent producing all things. Therefore He is not the final cause of all things.

❌ Objection 3 : Further, all things desire their end. But all things do not desire God, for all do not even know Him. Therefore God is not the end of all things.

❌ Objection 4 : Further, the final cause is the first of causes. If, therefore, God is the efficient cause and the final cause, it follows that before and after exist in Him; which is impossible.